Ebola Virus: History, Symptoms and Treatment

Ebola virus History, Symptoms and TreatmentVijayatheeban JeyanandanEbola virus outbreaks The deadly and incurable haemorrhagic febrilityContents (Jump to)1.1 Introduction.1.2 History of Ebola virus.1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virus.1.4 Symptoms of Ebola transmittance.1.5 Diagnosis method actings.1.6 Treatment methods.1.7 ConclusionReference tilt1.1 IntroductionA reported by the World Health arranging (2014) Ebola virus disease once known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever is a serious, frequently deadly disease, with a case casualty crop of up to 90%. T here(predicate) atomic number 18 no authorized picky medicinal drugs or vaccine accessible for utilization in somebodys or creatures. Stanford educational activity (2014) states that Ebola virus was initially recognized as a possible brisk strain of Marburg virus in 1976. Stanford education states that Ebola transmission is initially all-embracing ranch in Sudan and Zaire. Ebola virus is a member of filoviridae family.Fa rrar and Piot (2014) reported that as of September 14, 2014, a total of 4507 confirmed and likely instances of Ebola virus disease, and similarly 2296 deaths from the infection, had been accounted for from five nations in West Africa Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sierra Leon. Contact with body fluids demonstrate a solid affiliation. Francesconi et al. (2003) comments that Persons who had immediate physical contact with a give person were to a greater extent inclined to work gained the disease.1.2 History of Ebola virusPeters and Leduc (1999) comments that biomedical science initially experienced the virus family filoviridae when Marburg virus showed up in 1967 and in the late 1970s, the global concourse was again startled, this time by the revelation of Ebola infection as the causative executor of signifi terminatet flare-ups of hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Sudan. History of Ebola infection shadower be make online (Stanfort edu cation, 2014) The first outbreaks of infected in excess of 284 peoples, with a 53% death rate. After the few months the second Ebola infection caused from Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ). EBOZ, with the some astounding death rate of any of the Ebola infection (88%), contaminated 318 peoples.In 1989, a novel infection, Reston Ebolavirus (REBOV) was secluded from commonly tainted cynomolgus macaques imported from the Philippines into united States. All shipments aside from one were followed to single supplier in the Philippines however, the chief(prenominal) beginning of the infection and mode of sullying for the moodyice has never been learned. While unhealthful for regularly and tentatively tainted monkeys, constrained information demonstrate that REBOV whitethorn not be pathogenic for people as creature overseers without delivering clinical side effects.A review by Georges et al. (1999) reported that, in 1994, at Gabon, Occured in Mkouka and other gold-mining camps profound in the downpour backwoods. At first thought to be yellow fever recognized as Ebola hemorrhagic fever in 1995. Zuckerman(2008) reported that In 2000, Happened in Gulu, Masindi, and Mbarara areas of Uganda. The terce most crucial dangers connected with Ebola infection contamination were going to funerals of Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients, having contact with infected patients in ones family, and giving restorative fear to Ebola infected patients without utilizing sufficient individual defensive measures. In this situation, reported design of homosexual cases is 425 and reported number of deaths among cases is 224.1.3 Characteristics of Ebola virusA review by Sullivan et al. (2003) comments that Ebola was found in 1976 and is a member of the Filovirus family, which are pleomophic, negative-sense ribonucleic acid viruses whose genome shaping is most similar to the paramyxoviridae. Geisbert et al. (2010) states EBOV particles contain a non-infectious RNA genome of roughly 19 kil obases that encodes seven structural proteins and one non-structural protein. The gene order is 3 leader, nucleoprotein, virion protein 35 , virion protein 40, glycoprotein, virion protein 30, polymerase L protein, and 5 trailer.3 Four of these proteinsnucleoprotein, virion protein30, virion protein35, and the polymerase L proteinare associated with the viral genomic RNA in the ribonucleoprotein complex.Crowley and Crusberg (2014) states Ebola viruses are long and filamentious, essentially bac waniform. However the viruses mostly arouse on a U shape. The particles of these viruses sess be above 14,000 nm in long and average 80 nm in diameter. Visualscience.ru (2014) states Ebola has a layer envelope its shaped from the film of the host cell during virus budding. The viral molecule additionally catches various human proteins. Ebola surface protein, encoded by the gp gene.Transmission of the virusPHAC-ASPC.GC.CA (2014) states, that in an outbreak, it is theorized that the first pati ent bring forths to be infected as an aftereffect of contact with an infected animals. Person to person transmission happens by means of close personal contact with an infected individual or their body fluids during the late stages of disease or after death. Centers for sickness Control (2014) reported that Ebola is not spread through the air or by water, or in general, foods. However Ebola is spread through lease contact with blood or body fluids including but not expressage to urine, salivation, dung, regurgitation, and semen of an individual who is infected by Ebola. And also Ebola virus plunder be transmitted by objects like needles and syringes that have been contaminated with the virus.1.4 Symptoms of Ebola infectionSmith (2014) stats that, the symptoms of Ebola may be shown out from 2 old age to 21 days after the infection of Ebola virus, but the average is 8 to 10 days from the infection. The symptoms are quite a similar to the flu, cholera, typhoid, and malaria. The s ymptoms usually include high up fever, serious head pain, body weakness, retching, diarrhea, stomach torment, Lack of apptite, and sore throat. Symptoms of Ebola idler be found online (Health24, 2014). Progression of Ebola fever causes bleeding inside the body, and from the eyes, ears, wander and anus. Some individuals will vomit or hack up blood, have wicked looseness of the bowels, have impaired kidney and liver function, have continues hiccups and get a rash. diagnose methods of Ebola tummy be found online (Cdc.gov, 2014). In the primitively stage is currently precise difficult because the early symptoms are quite similar to the symptoms of malaria and typhoid fever. In his analysis Zubay (2005,pp) says that tests with live virus must be performed in Biosafety aim 4 regulation research centers, collectible to the compelling harmfulness and infectiousness of disease.1.5 Diagnosis methodsDiagnosing methods of Ebola can be found online (Centers for disease control and pre vention, 2014). In the earlier stage is really very difficult because the early symptoms are quite similar to the symptoms of malaria and typhoid fever. In his analysis Zubay (2005,p.71,72) says that tests with live virus must be performed in Biosafety Level 4 regulation research centers, due to the compelling harmfulness and infectiousness of disease. A review by Saijo et al, (2006) says after the closing off, the virus can be find via various science laboratory diagnostic methods like virus isolation, reverse transcription, real time quantitative method , antigen-capture enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method (ELISA), antigen detection by immunostaining, or IgG-and immunoglobulin M-ELISA using authentic virus antigens (9, 18, 28-30, 32, 48, 50, 53, 64).Diagnosing methods can differ with the time line of infection which can be found online (Centers for disease control and prevention, 2014). Within a few days after the symptoms shown out we could use Antigen-capture enzyme-link ed immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing or IgM ELISA or Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Virus isolation and for retrospectively in deceased patients we need to use Immunohistochemistry testing or PCR or virus isolation and later in the disease socio-economic class or after recovery we could use IgM and IgG antibodies. In his analysis Bray (2014) says that as indicated by the WHO, people who no more have signs and indications of Ebola infection sickness can be released on the off chance that they have two contrary PCR tests on entire blood, differentiate by no less than 48 hours.1.6 Treatment methodsSchoenstadt (2014) says that in that location are no proven treatment methods to kill the Ebola virus therefore, treatment concentrates on giving easing of side effects as the body battles the virus. This is called accessory care. Ziady and Small (2004) stats that patients receive supportive treatments like balancing fluid and electrolytes, maintaining thread and pulmonary oxygenat ion, maintaining blood circulation by replacing blood loss, and treating complications symptomatically. Gupta, (2014) comments that chronicled examples in medication improvement recommend that there is a slim likelihood of accomplishment with the current arrangement of potential Ebola treatments.Torrence (2005) stats that scientists have also examined the potential of heterological live viral vectors in effectively preventing Ebola virus infection. And we also can say good nursing care and using antibiotics to prevent utility(prenominal) infections from bacteria also supportive care for Ebola. Lamontagne et al. (2014) says General wellbeing mediations including describing the sequence the study of disease transmission, contact following, social assembly, and state funded instruction are fundamental steps in ceasing Ebola and will at last unpatterned a lot of people a larger number of lives than can be spared by individual patient forethought. (Geisbert, 2014) says that antibody therapies and several other methodologies mentioned here should ultimately be included in an arsenal of interventions for controlling next Ebola outbreaks.1.7 ConclusionEbola is infection and highly lethal and with no verifiably effective vaccine available. However the ebola hemorraghic fever can be control by spreading virus. First of all, the health ministry of government and who knows about the Ebola virus disease they should be Awareness to essential peoples. Because everyone must be attention about the Ebola infection. The ebola infection only can diagnosis under the advanced laboratory, but there are no lab facilities backwardness areas and also some essential countries. However who the person shows the ebola virus symptoms, we should be try to transfer to where can diagnose. In the future government should be provide advanced lab facilities for diagnose the infection when the infection highly spreading. The medical workers of ebola virus name or researching they should be w ear protective clothing transport a man suffering from Ebola.Reference listBray, M. (2014). Uptodate. uncommitted at http//www.uptodate.com/ contents/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-ebola-and-marburg-virus-disease (Accessed 30 October 2014).Centers for disease control and prevention (2014) lendable at http//www.cdc.gov/ viral haemorrhagic fever/ebola/diagnosis/ (Accessed 29 October 2014).Centers for disease and prevention (2014). Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic feverishness online in stock(predicate) at http//www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/ (Accessed 27 September 2014).Crowley, J. and Crusberg, T. (2014). Genomic Structure, proportional and Molecular Biology. unattached at http//www.mcb.uct.ac.za/ebola/ebolagen.html (Accessed 28 September 2014).Farrar, J. and Piot, P. (2014). Ebola Virus unsoundness in West Africa -The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections, naked as a jaybird England Journal Medicine, 371(16), pp.1481-1495 Online. Available at http//www.nej m.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1411100 (Accessed 6 November 2014)Francesconi, P., Yoti, Z., Declich, S., Onek, P., Fabiani, M., Olango, J., Andraghetti, R., Rollin, P., Opira, C., Greco, D. and Salmaso, S. (2003). Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission and Risk Factors of Contacts, Uganda. Emerging Infectous Disease, 9(11), pp.1430-1437, National Center for biotech teaching Online. Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035551/ (Accessed 6 November 2014)Geisbert, T., Lee, A., Robbins, M., Geisbert, J., Honko, A., Sood, V., Johnson, J., de Jong, S., Tavakoli, I., Judge, A., Hensley, L. and MacLachlan, I. (2010). Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference a proof-of-concept study. 375(9729), pp.1896-1905, The Lancet. (online). Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60357-1 (Accessed 28 September 2014)Geisbert, T. (2014). Medical research Ebola therapy protects severely ill monkeys, Nature, 514 (7520), pp.41-43, Nature Publishing Group Online. Available at http//www.nature.com/nature/ ledger/vnfv/ncurrent/full/nature13746.html (Accessed6 November 2014).Georges, A., Leroy, E., Renaut, A., Benissan, C., Nabias, R., Ngoc, M., Obiang, P., Lepage, J., Bertherat, E., Benoni, D. (1999). Ebola hemorrhagic outbreaks in Gabon. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 179(Supplement 1), pp.6575. Online. Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9988167 (Accessed 6 Oct. 2014).Gupta, R. (2014). Rethinking the development of Ebola treatments, The Lancet Global Health, 2(10), pp.e563-e564 Online. Available at http//www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(14)70304-3/fulltext (Accessed 6 November 2014).Health24 (2014). Available at http//www.health24.com/Medical/infectious-diseases/Ebola/Signs-and-symptoms-of-Ebola-20140729 (Accessed 29 October 2014).Lamontagne, F., Clment, C., Fletcher, T., Jacob, S., Fischer, W. and Fowler, R. (2014). Doing Todays Work Superbly Well Treating Ebola with Current Tools. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(17), pp.1565-1566 Online. Available at http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1411310 (Accessed 6 November 2014)Mahy, B. and Van Regenmortel, M. (2010). Desk encyclopedia of human and medical virology. Google books Online. Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=nsh48WKIbhQCpg=PA382dq=ebola+virus+history+originhl=ensa=Xei=rCUyVP7wDcSjugTzs4GQDQved=0CDMQ6AEwBAv=onepageq=ebola%20virus%20history%20originf= spurious (Accessed 4 Oct. 2014).Peters, C. and LeDuc, J. (1999). An Introduction to Ebola The Virus and the Disease. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179(s1), p.Six-xvi. Online. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1086/514322 (Accessed 4 Oct. 2014).Public Health Agency of Canada (2014). Available at http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/ebola-eng.php (Accessed 27 September 2014).Saijo, M., Niikura, M., Ikegami, T., Kurane, I., Kurata, T. and Morikawa, S. (2006). Laboratory Diagnostic Systems for Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fevers genuine with Recombinant Proteins. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 21, November Online. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.4.444-451.2006 (Accessed 30 October 2014).Schoenstadt, A. (2014). eMedTV Health Information Brought To Life. Available at http//ebola.emedtv.com/ebola/ebola-treatment.html (Accessed 6 November 2014)Smith,W. (2014).Webmd. Available at http//www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ebola-fever-virus-infection (Accessed 29 Oct. 2014).Sullivan, N., Yang, Z. and Nabel, G. (2003). Ebola Virus Pathogenesis discounts for Vaccines and Therapies. 77(18), pp.9733-9737, Journal of Virology. online. Available at http//dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.9733-9737.2003 (Accessed 28 September 2014).Torrence, P. (2005). antiviral drug drug discovery for emerging diseases and bioterrorism threats. Google books Online. Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=QZl7GzhTsb8Cdq=Torrence,+P+Antiviral+drug+discovery+for+emerging+diseases+and+bioterrorism+threat s.source=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed 6 November 2014).Visualscience.ru (2014). Available at http//visualscience.ru/en/projects/ebola/poster/ (Accessed 28 September 2014).Web.stanford.edu (2005) Available at https//web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/history.html (Accessed 6 November 2014).World Health organization (2014). Ebola Virus Diseases (EVD) Implication of Introduction in the Americas. Jamaica Jamaica information service online. Available at http//jis.gov.jm/features/ebola-virus-diseases-evd-implication-introduction-americas/ (Accessed 6 November 2014).Ziady, L. and Small, N. (2004). Prevent and control infection. Google books Online. Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=kSKwP3v99dYCpg=PA256lpg=PA256dq=Ziady,+L.+and+Small,+N.+(2004).+Prevent+and+control+infectionsource=blots=DEOU4V_3gRsig=phk4sKUjV30cWcw7qv3Xo08Id1khl=ensa=Xei=yq5bVPGeGsr98AXShIKACAved=0CB0Q6AEwAQv=onepageq=Ziady%2C%20L.%20and%20Small%2C%20N.%20(2004).%20Prevent%20and%20control%20infectionf= wild (Accessed 6 November 2014)Zubay, G. (2005). Agents of bioterrorism. Google books Online. Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=AwkVgNPRnKoCdq=diagnosis+methods+ebola+Zubaysource=gbs_navlinks_s (Accessed 29 October 2014).Zuckerman, A. (2008). Principles and hold of clinical virology. Google books Online. Available at http//books.google.lk/books?id=4il2mF7JG1sCpg=PA774lpg=PA774dq=Okware+SI,+Omaswa+FG,+Zaramba+S,+et+al.+An+outbreak+of+Ebola+in+Uganda.source=blots=NBElqYFkMRsig=o7MGwDL_xghUdwFQohFWtqj_TOohl=ensa=Xei=ZUEyVJC_G8aOuATxwoGoAQved=0CCMQ6AEwAQv=onepageq=An%20outbreak%20of%20Ebola%20in%20Ugandaf=false (Accessed 4 October 2014).

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature EssayFranz Kafkas A veritablem specify is a composition about a determine who is c every(prenominal)ed upon in the middle of the night to follow to a naughtily demented boyish man .Hampered by lack of fare delegacy and perfect stick out conditions, the twist is at pains to coiffe up with solutions to his problems. This essay typography w inauspicious attempt to systematic bothy examine the challenges and frustrations that the remediate encounters as the tier unf grey-headeds. This essay will similarly answer the questions as to why the story may be referred to as a nightmare as fountainhead as explore the major heads brought out in this artistic yarn that is indeed a replica of Franz Kafkas generation and the current modern society.Challenges and FrustrationsThe sterilize is in a dilemma He is challenged by the fact that he has no means of transport to take him to the home of the gravely ill offspring man, ecstasy miles a vogue. The reconstructs sawhorse had died due to the snappy winter. My own horse had died the previous night as a result of overexertion in this icy winter. The doctor is frustrated at this point because no one in the village was willing to assist him. My servant young lady was at that precise moment running around the village to charm if she could borrow a horse but it was hopeless-I knew that. Out of frustration the doctor risks hurting himself by kicking the pigstys door. I kicked my foot against the cracked door of the pigsty which had non been used for years.The severe weather conditions pose a challenge to the doctor in any case. He has to pop off the chilly s this instantstorm to go and attend to a patient. The doctor says, A severe snowstorm filled the space amid him and me. The doctor does non hide his dilemma when he says, I stood in that location useless ,increasingly cover by snow , becoming all the while immobile. After treating the sick young man the doctor attempts to make his flair home but the once strong and fat horses are old and tired, they move at a slow rate at which the doctor feels he will never reach home. Consider, We dragged slowly through the ashen desert like old men. The doctor is evidently frustrated when he says, Ill never come home at this rate. He becomes wistful when he thinks of his home which was occupied by the Groom. In my kinsfolk the nauseous devise is wreaking havoc, genus genus genus Rosa is his victim.The third challenge that the doctor encounters is the Groom. The doctor does not go to bed how to deal with this stranger. First, when the tog brutally bites Rosa on her cheeks, the doctor only threatens the groom with words and calms down at once because he wanted to borrow a horse from the groom. At that moment, the doctor is most the grooms slave. The groom eventually offers his horses to the doctor but decides to collar with Rosa kind of of traveling with the doctor. The doctor is therefore at crossroads. He does not know whether he should stay and protect Rosa from the brutal groom or go ahead and attend to the seriously ill Youngman. The doctor chose the later. However, as the story unfolds the frustrations of the doctor concerning this decision become apparent. Consider, I had to sacrifice Rosa as well, this beautiful girl, who lives in my house all year unyielding and whom I scarcely notice-this sacrifice is too great.The doctor is challenged by meagerness and too much work. He has dedicated his life to serving the rule but is poorly paid. Consider, I am employed by the partition and my duty do my duty to the full, right to the point where it is almost too much. Badly paid, but I am generous and ready to do the poor. The doctor has only one horse, when the horse dies the doctor lacks means of transport to enable him perform his duties efficiently. The doctor is evidently overworked. He is called at midnight to attend to patients. It seems he rarely sleeps since his night bell was always rung by villagers. When performing his duties the doctor is under pressure from the villagers. They want him to instantly remediation their patients. The doctor is frustrated by this when he says. I am not a world improver.ThemesThe first theme that has been well brought out is the theme of suffering. At the beginning of the story, the doctor suffers psychologically because he has no means of transport to enable him reach the home of a seriously ill man. I was in great difficulty. An urgent journey was facing me.A seriously ill man was waiting for me in a village ten miles distant. The doctors horse had died and he was worried because no villager would lend him a horse. Of course, who is now going to lend his horse for such a journey?The extreme icy winter made the doctor to suffer. First his horse dies in the winter leaving him without means of transport and secondly the doctor has to endure the chilly weather to attend to the patient . I stood there useless, increasingly covered by snow, becoming all the time more immobile.Rosa suffers when the groom bites her on the cheeks. On the girls cheeks are red marks from two rows of teeth. Rosa throw out suffers when the doctor leaves her to stay with the evil groom against her will. No, screams Rosa and runs into the house with an accurate premonition of the inevitability of her fate.The sick young man suffers too. The young man suffers from a deadly wound that is infested with worms. Consider, On his right side, in the region of the hip, a wound the size of the palm of ones hand had overt up. The young man having lost hope of living tells the doctor, Doctor let me die.The second theme found in this story is blame. The doctor blames his failure to attend t o a seriously ill patient on his lack of a horse. Consider, But the horse was missing- the horse. The doctor further blames the villagers for unnecessarily summoning him to attend patients who according to the doct or were just feigning illness. He blames the villagers further for not assisting him in time of select. Consider, My servant girl was at that very moment running around the village to see if she could borrow a horse but it was hopeless.The country doctor as a narrative constantly places blame for his failure on others, on the lack of horses, on the groom, on the villagers, on the young man. His narrative strength is one of if I have failed it is not my defect, but preferably the fault of others (Gray 2009)Exploitation is another theme found in this story. Exploitation is unsportsmanlike treatment of someone or use of a situation in a way that is wrong in order to get some benefit (Wikipedia, 2009) the groom appears at a time when the doctor is need of transport means and takes advantage of the situation to take Rosa against her will. I see how in addition she chases down the room putting all the lights in order to make herself impossible to find.The theme of betrayal is also evident in this short story. The doctor betrays his house help when he leaves he in the hands of the brutal groom. I had to sacrifice Rosa as well ,this beautiful girl who lives in my house all year long and whom I scarcely notice-this sacrifice is too great.He witnesses the bachelor force himself upon the house maid but rather than stay to access and disarm the stranger, the doctor allows the steeds to carry him off as the screams of his wet-nurse echo through the winter night. (Hemphill 2009)This short story may be called a nightmare. The doctor concludes that the sick young man is feigning illness after a brief examination. The doctor only observed the photoflash of the patient. In his reasoning the patient was only seeking attention that he was not sick. The doctor in this story does not operate the way doctors in real world operate.Alex Hemphill observed that Franz Kafkas A country doctor is written in a stream of consciousness and includes all the devising of a nightmare (2009)When the doctor kicked the door of the pigsty there emerged the groom and the two horses mysteriously. This is absolute fantasy and cannot happen in a real world.. Two horses, powerful animals with strong flanks shoved their way one behind the other.A country doctor can be read as fulfilment fantasy motivated by self exculpation (Gray 2009)ConclusionThe doctor in Franz Kafkas -A country doctor is a reflection of some bulk in the society who sacrifice their lives to serve everyone but their efforts are but noticed by anyone. They are the unseen heroes of national development who would rather die than fail duty. Though frustrated by environment and a society that does not appreciate them, such people do not fear to encounter the challenges that lie ahead of them.Perhaps the doctor sums everything in his story by asserting that, To write prescriptions is easy but to come to an understanding with people is hard.

Evidenced Based Practice In Social Care Social Work Essay

recountd Based Practice In Social mete out Social Work EssayEvidence- found apply is a way that is followed in providing salutaryness superintend which is guided by profound integration of the very outstrip of the currently available knowledge with a clinical expertise. This turn up of enquiry in nursing radiation diagram eitherows the health check practiti onenessr to squander a critical assessment of the look adapt, the clinical guidelines as intumesce as some different sources of randomness to enhance correct identification of the clinical fuss and thus application of the roughly high quality interventions enchantment re-evaluating the government issue for further improvements in the future. According to Cochrane collaboration testify base closelyness vexation is a conscientious offing of the current outstrip certify to dispatch decision most the cargon given to the unhurrieds or in the delivery do by of the health and loving servings (Titler, G oode, 2001) The conception of test is utilise to refer to range of tangible instruction that is usable in identifying a problem and the necessity of responding to it forming an essential requirement for later rating purposes. The idea of current trump manifest is instruction that is up to battle and relevant therefore cornerstone be sued in carrying out of a valid look for about various forma of health and hearty disturbance, the possible harm from exposure to certain agents, accuracy of the diagnostic tests and finally the precedent of the predictability of the prognostic powers. This paper will offer a critical revaluation of the bear witness establish put as in concerns to the line of business of health and amicable c ar in nursing profession (Mason Chaffee, 2002)The term proof based medicine was first sued in the 1980s and was used to hear the approaches that were used to in determining the shell practice and was alter shifted to sprain recount based pr actice peculiarly after its importance in decisions making were recognized by clinicians and physicians. after that expert begun talking of the rise based health c are as process in which interrogation demo was used to make decisions regarding specific population or hosts of patients hence assuming that the evidence was used in context of the particular group or patients preferences, desires, clinical situation and finally on the expertise of the clinicians. Experts as expect that the health give care professionals are able to read, critique as substantially as synthesize the look into findings to help them in interpreting the real evidence based guideline soft e clinical practice.In recent years funding agencies have been summation their pressure on the federal, state and local government to incase the force as sanitary as the accountability of the preventive and intervention programs. The rising demand for change magnitude quality of health and social programs and ev idence of such quality ahs fostered for increase interest in the evidence based programs. These programs judge to be evidence based if the evaluation re explore indicates that the program is producing positive and expected depart, and that the result can actually be attri excepted to the specific program save non on extraneous factor, if the evaluation is previewed by the experts while in the vault of heaven and finally the programs must be endorsed by a respected look into agency or federal agency which have listed it as one of their matterive programs (McCarthy, 2007).The evidence based practice have been getting an increasing attention in the field of health and social care and it focuses on the perspectives of the professionals in the midwifery, physi other(a)apy, social acre and nursing. This new approach is seen as an optimistic approach and has had wide acceptance as it demonstrates an organization attempts to bridge the existing research practice divide which include i n the process of interpretation of research outcomes as concerning the practice protocols, guidelines and standards.Nurses have often served instrumental roles in the process of ensuring as wholesome as cookery of the evidence based practice through a continuous asking of question reading the best evidence for the interventions, provisions of the best practice and finally on the incident of achieving the highest outcome both for the patient, family and nurse. at that placefore they have alship canal been positioned to working with in collaboration with colleagues when it comes to identification of clinical problems and in the use of the exiting evidence in priding an improved practice. There are numerous opportunities that nurses can question in order to hold back that the current nursing practices use the evidence based methods to improve and make provision of health and social acre more effective.The evidence based practice research has benefited the health and social care usefulness of process providers and agencies in various ways. swell up(p) about of the benefits includes helping nurses to provide patient care that is based on research and knowledge rather than on normality, intuition, traditions, myths, advice of colleague, face-to-face experiences outdated books and hunches. Other benefits include the better and improved patient outcomes, keeps the nursing practice current and relevant, increases confidence when it comes to decision making processes, ensures that policies ad procedures in the practice are current and includes the latest research hence reenforcement the JCAHO -readiness and finally the integration of evidence based practice in to the practice of nursing is very important for provision of high quality patient care and achievement of the ANCC Magnet Recognition Program designation ((McCarthy, 2007).Evidence based practice in the filed of social care is defined as the conscious, explicit and judicious process of using the curre nt best evidence in the making of decisions that regards the welfare of the proceeds user and careers.For the past decennary health and social avails providers have been to a lower place pressure to increase accountability in the provision of their service specially regarding methods of measuring the authorisation of health and social services for instance on what works the best and on the introduction of diverse range of performance exponents in the field. Some of the question that that nurses and care givers ask themselves regarding the evidence based practice in the field oh health and social care include the types of methods of evidence based that promote the best practice while ensuring that patient get the best and improved health and social services that factor in their in-person preference, cultural and social differences. Effectiveness of social provision services under that chelaren are all securely attached to careers that are capable ensuring provision of safe an d effective care during the duration of their childhood and the related indicator of performance in the reduction of to no more than sixteen share of children looked after who have dickens to tree annual placement (French, 2002).The concept of potency in the involve the appropriateness and validity of the methods theater used by professionals in their daily work to ensuring that the basic aims of the organization and the boilers suit abilities of the agencies in delivering services they required to while the concept of performance is touch on with the ability of n agency to achieve predetermined targets that are viewed as the determinants of both quality and quantity of the services delivered. The three Es i.e. effectiveness, competency and performance were the performance indicators during the 1980s. In the social and health service care the attention of the public was shifted towards the issue spreading child abuse and aegis tragedies that were culminated in the enquiry of C take aimand case. This led to an increasing public figure of question asked concerning the effectiveness of the process of assessment sexual abuses in children and the interventions that were targeted at the victims and the perpetrators.Social service sections as comfortably as other social acre providers are universe increasing expected to be accountable for the effectiveness of the service that that are delivered both at the organizational level as well as on the specific programs used in various interventions (Gray, 1997) Therefore information techno logy as played a critical role when it comes to providing the agent of which organizations and agencies utilize in monitoring the social service it provides and hence decorous capable of providing information that is used to achieve accountability. Focusing on the effectiveness has fostered the raising of fundamental issues regarding the nature of the research of the social work.When on considers the evidence that emerges fro m the National Health Service, there is a massive variations in the health service provided both for the cost between identical treatments and also in the duration and provision of the various form of treatments. Such difference can only be explained based o n the different medical or social needs as well as on the questions raised on the electiveness of such treatments. Some of the initiative designed to help in improving the services provided by health providers include the initiation of interior(a) institute for clinical excellence which is intended to improve service through the use of shared knowledgebase as well as the fit(p) standards (Titler, Goode, 2001)In addition to that some other impact of the effectiveness agenda in the provision of social and health service can be perspicuous in the proliferation of the policy as well as counseling documents as well as the creation of specific initiatives intended to increaser guides in the field for instance the Centre for Evi dence-Based Social service (CEBSS). At a national level there has been development of detailed guidance as well as practice manual both for the social care module and other professional regarding the procedures that are followed in the handling of cases of suspected child abuse but all these vary specifically on the expiration in which they based on research or on other agency priorities.Finally the intimately concrete manifestation of the best practice in social care services is the Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services started in 1997 and based at Exeter University. The centre aims at ensuring that the decision call for at every level of social service are based on trends and quality research and it conduct training on ways of achieving the stated aims. The Centre for Evidence-Based Social Services is partnership between the department of health and the social services department from corner to corner of England and at Exeter University. The organization has recently expan ded to other areas and associations have various aims including the by-lineTo help in the translation of the results of the existing research in to the service and development of the practice.Ensures that the findings derived from research are made available to the social service departments especially during the review and changing of the delivery systemsTo promote collaboration with other stakeholders manage degree and PQ to ensuring that the training conducted in social work incorporates the available knowledge from existing researchImprovement of habitual informational dissemination especially of research findings to the local policy makers, practitioners, managers, careers and service usersCommissioning of research on areas where information gaps are place finally is to ensure working towards level where surface user and careers are included as the valuable sources of information especially when it comes on the service effectiveness projects.Untangling the Web-The impact of meshwork use on the social care and the physician-patient RelationshipMethodsThe current ruminate lies at the intersection process and outcome psychoanalyse, in the process of exploring the impacts of the internet use on the social care as well as the physician-patient relations. It processes insight into the operations by which individuals access and use online social care information. It borrows much from the web based qualitative approaches. Interviews were carried out to investigate peoples meanings that are attached to their internet use, in relation to their social as well as day-day life. To ensure that the engagement of the internet user is grasped with the online medium, it was as well much significant to meet the seekers of the information in their location of activity. The sign contact and recruitment of the converseees were hence situated online.Email InterviewsWith the internet users expression for social care information online, the email oppugn was conducted . The recruitment of the interviewees was on UK websites for lawyers for low income people, social guidance counsellors, food providers and government officials, amongst others. The sympathy for rivet on such wish web site was because they in most cases address themselves to the public with a multiple to the public in general with multiple social issues. There are even in most cases related topics developed on the similar website. Lawyers for low income as well as food providers for instance provides various general poverty level, while general social care website becomes an important place to government and non political organization involvement, and also attracts various profiles of social care information seekers.These websites were identified through systematic internet research, by the use of 20 search engines as well as directories. The sign search came up with 920 websites. By the use of frequency criteria, as well as presence, 4o websites were selected. Then, they were conducted and invited for the invited to contribute to the research at hand. Amongst them, 10 websites responded positively and the research was advertised either as a web connection on one of there pages, or as message in groups of discussions. The researcher posted it, after beingness permitted by the website administrator. Other ten were later added fin light of evidence about their appropriate content their frequent by the first interviewer.The advert was made to direct internet users to the website of the research where the study goals, methods and privacy were all explained. On top of responding to an online questioner, the internet users were also invited to participate in the interviews by first cond8ucting the research through email, phone or even by the use of conventional mail. As a matter of fact, only both interviewees used phone while none used conventional mails. The initial exchange of around three emails before the base was set, the basis for the toil full email interviews, though the participants were all given at all junction of even meeting face-to-face, or even undertake an interview through exposure.The demographic entropy like the respondents age, employment, gender, education, social status, health status, as well as income, were all collected to serve the purpose of statistical controls. Respondents also were asked, if they have ever worked or ever stayed in a social care related units. In addition, they were questioned about their views in non tralatitious social care services.Email Qualitative researchEmail interview is just asynchronous online method of interviewing, based generally on some(prenominal)(prenominal) email exchange between the participants and the researcher (Bampton Cowton, 2002). Such like interviews allows greater flexibility for the interviewee, who cleverness answer at his/her own convenience. Though it lacks the immediacy as compared to face-face interviews, once the basis has been set up, email commu nications helps in the attainment of conventional interviews and creates personal as well as thoughtful communications. In addition, email interviews allows repeated interactions as time goes by, this has been proved to be much significance for the deeper understanding of everyones dimension of the participants doctors relationship, (Mann Stewart, 2000).About 20-30 emails had been already change between the each respondent and the researcher. The time of interview time relying on the speed that was adopted by the interviewees for replying the email. The interviewee age varied from 20 to 60 years. The respondents respondent to questions like what was their level of social help? They were also asked about the source of their social care? Another question was about their social problem that needs social care?The gender imbalance especially interviewees, especially in favour of females can be attributed to several reasons. unity of them being the specificity of the mode of interview g iven the gendered use as well as the social purposes of email communication the initial email contacts might have installed an intimacy level, which in one way or the other might have locked the door out for male audience. Another reason might be the focus on social care issues like lawyers for low income individuals and the general social care websites. Though such like websites are addressed to the public in general and purpose males social problem topics, the dimension of gender of these social issues as well as their related website has to be recognized, (Saltonstall, 1993). Another reason that can explain is that, females are socially constructed as the social gatekeepers of the family, and the society as a whole. Although correspond to the survey knowledge, findings proving that online social information seekers are mainly females. However the gender imbalance raises the question of whether the differentiated presence as well as the gendered use of the internet regarding soci al information, dimensions that need to researched on din another research.The email interviews were semi-structured, such like interviewing form being characterized by its openness and its enabling the interviewer to ensure that all themes rose as well as narratives provided by interviewees. The guide of the interview focuses on the three main issues viz. the traits, context as well as the implications of the internet for social information reasons. Though initially, this method was being considered as secondary source of information disposition, the relations that interviewees have with their doctors, in real sense constituted the major(ip) theme. One after the other, topics was all discussed. The process of exchanging questions, and answers having no pre-judged other than just following a style that is far much conversational style.depth psychologyThe most appropriate application to the interview data according to, (Boyatzis, 1998, Flick, 1998) is thematic analysis. The appli cation consists of encoding qualitative information through creation of several themes that usually organises a number of themes that have the capability of organizing qualitative placard as well as describing the data into coherent as well as meaningful ideas and constructs, which forms the foundation for the interpretation for such like data. At first, themes were organized following the interview guide before being enlarge into further subdivided themes that offers the coding foundation, under which further themes that were created inductively were also integrated, (Flick, 1998).Normally, formal conscious admit is much important for all qualitative research methods in social care practices apart from participant observation, no matter the sampling method that was used in the identification of potential participants and the strategies used during their recruitment. The number of project-specific factors at ultimately upon a provably ethics committee, determines whether informed consent is written or oral. At the recruitment stage, obtaining informed consent for qualitative research involves clearly explaining the project to potential study participants.Ethical Issues for the transportThe best nourishion of the subject interest and well-being is the protection of their identity. If reveal the behavior or the responds harm them then adherence to this norm is important. The two principles involved include anonymity and confidentiality.The research subject is perceived anonymous when the researcher cant associate a given data with the individual. namelessness highlights several potential difficulties. The studies that involve field observation methods usually ensure that the research subjects are not known. Researchers might also expand access to nonpublic reports from both governmental and non-governmental organizations agencies in which the names of individuals have been uninvolved. An recitation is a web based survey in which no log in or other ident ifying data is needed. The subjects anonymously fill the questionn origines that are then tabulated. Promising anonymity makes it difficult to keep record of which sampled subjects have been interviewed. Sometimes the value of anonymity is worth paying. Other methods of information collection make it impossible to assure anonymity for the respondents. Confidentiality comes in when the researcher cerebrate the data with the individual but promises not to do so in public. In a study of self-reported drug use, the researcher is in a position to make it open the use of illegal drugs by a given subject but the subject is guaranteed that it will not happen. Research using police or court reports that contains individuals names might protect the confidentiality by not including any leading information. All names and addresses data gathering forms should be interchanged by identification numbers and master identification files made to link numbers to names to allow latter corrections miss ing information, (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, 2006).Confidentiality comes in when the researcher links the data with the individual but promises not to do so in public. In a study of social care practice, the researcher is in a position to make it open so that it can be used by a given subject for the benefit of the respondent, but the subject is guaranteed that it will not happen. Research using reports that contains individuals names might protect the confidentiality by not including any leading information. All names and addresses data gathering forms should be interchanged by identification numbers and master identification files made to link numbers to names to allow latter corrections missing information.The office to CritiqueThe research needs to know how to reduce the need of labeling children as for instance disabled so that they can address the learning and behavioural requirements of such like children in a social care program. approximately o0f these national psychological as well as social care providers do have ethical standards that require science based practices to air some sort of problems, for instance, the American psychological association ethical standards, amongst others. There has been no agreement upon both quality as well as quantity of evidence that is necessary for the validation as well as intervention as being evidence-based practices in social care practices. scarce the research methods of a single(a) participant design are many another(prenominal) convincing illustrations of the casual relationships. Social care practice analysis has been for a long period of time been criticized due to limited generalizability, as an effect of the small number of this taking part in the research study. In real since, there are no established standards within social care practices analysis for the validation of interventions. As an effect, there has been no single resource that decision makers can rely on to provide guidance about the best interv ention to take it under practice in case of a particular problem. The identification of evidence-based interventions is much important but not enough to provide assurance that they will be use in practice setting. It is nevertheless important to address issues that ought to be mingled which are associated with the implementation, (Joyce, et al, 1998).

Evaluating the Strategic Role of Operations Management at Nandos

Evaluating the Strategic Role of Operations Management at NandosNandos peck be described as a casual dining eating place, which originated in S egressh Africa with a Mozambique/ Portuguese theme. Nandos got its summons from one of its fo down the stairss Fernando who had Nandos in the subsequent part of his name. The Restaurant chain was founded in 1987 and has grown to operate in over thirty countries in over quint continents. (www.nandos.co.uk) Most commonly, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Malaysia, Mauritius , Pakistan, Singapore, Zimbabwe, the united States of America and The united kingdom in which Nandos is trying to build a finger licking tradition. They received the proudest accolade for excellence ( three stars) in the best companies annual accreditation awards. It is important to amply light here that amongst both told the large companies which entered for this award , Nandos was the only one who received the award. (www.nandos.co.uk)Nandos is specialized in serving s dejectiondalmongering and chips , sift or mashed potatoes. They specialize in selling flames peri peri yellowed and from a personal bear witness of view I c completely(prenominal) that they do no only specialize in the selling flamed scandalmongering grills , I think that they puzzle revolutionarised the focusing in which we eat chicken and chips in the united kingdom. Chicken and chips in the united kingdom atomic number 50 to an extent be con human facered staple regimen, and with the establishment of Nandos in the agricultural , its presentation and serving has been wedded a total over hall. The name peri peri is a south Afri lot Swahili word for what is cal direct in Africa the birds eye cayenne.. This chilli is exclusively indigenous to Africa. The chicken in Nandos is served in either quarters, halves or a beat chicken. (www.nandos.co.uk)There atomic number 18 also stillterfly breast which be sold exclusively to the Nandos eating places in th e united Kingdom. Added to chicken, Nandos also serves pitas, burgers, salads, wings and raps in their eating places. In some otherwise countries, Nandos sells, a large stand with a spit of chicken breast and large peppers , chicken livers and a chicken and rice dish served in a traditional Portuguese copper dish. Nandos serves a wide range of drinks, but they argon well up k in a flashn for their conceit of serving bottomless drinks, which gives the guest the opportunity to drink and endless as much soft drink as they want, as long as they understructure handle it and nobody is allowed to take any(prenominal) a counseling from the premise of the eatery. (www.nandos.co.uk)Nandos thrives on excellence, this is embedded in the our promise section of the card. In the promise, Nando says that vigour is more important that keeping a promise, and the symbol of the escudo is a sign of integrity, passion, pride and courage. (www.nandos.com)This is a promise by Nandos to give you the guest the excellent flavor and lineament that you would expect. It is important to add her that ein truth operate heavens phoner should strive to attain excellence. The survival of this type of problem depends on tribe opinions as such(prenominal) it is very very inborn that these anatomy of companies try their utmost best to keep node merriment levels high. This could either be in the way of producing the best quality dwelling house of food that a customer has ordered in the shortest quantify practic open. (www.nandos.co.uk)This impart reduce the waiting propagation by the customers, but still desert the customer with the excellent feeling of satis concomitantion of consuming your darling or serviceAccording to accounts filed at companies house in 2009 , the financial crisis at Nandos worsened as they made a loss of about(predicate) 23 million pounds. As a impression of the financial crisis, consumer spending lessen and thither was a rise in the cost of ra w materials to the industry. This led to a rise in cost to the company and a chance upon in sale. It is important to non that the company made sales during the layover of about one hundred and sixty s pull down million but due to other factors out of their control, they were still competent to make a loss. Management also confirmed that they were happy with the performance of the company even though they did worse that the previous financial year. (www.nandos.co.uk)Operations management is amenable for designing, redesigning and overseeing business trading trading cognitive operations. It focuses on the work at of producing and distributing goods and services goodly. Operations management makes trust expenditurey that business operations use as little resources as possible to produce the post resources as possible, it also has to be as efficient in the sense that it has to make sure that the customers requirements ar met. Other activities that atomic number 18 associate d with this process include inventory control, quality control, managing processes, storage , logistics and evaluation of processes. substantial measurement and management of internal processes is therefore embedded in the operations management concept. Important to note therefore is that fact that the ways by which operations management is carried out in an organization depends sole or wholly n the goods and services that thisThe idea of the parting operations plays in business is very important , as similarly as man beings, we draw a role I our everyday existence. In the morning judgment of conviction, we could be p arnts the our kids, later in the day colleagues at work, and later in the even we could be friends to other people. The point which should be made here, is that we retain a assorted function in every role we play. In the analogous way, operations in the business depending on what they are, perform a different function depending on what their overall objectiv e is. The most basic role of strategic operations is implementing business strategy. Other important roles of operations are to act as support for the business strategy and to act as a driver for business strategy.The objectivesOperation management objectives are by and large every broad. However, it is important to note that operation management affect 5 different groups or stakeholders in the organization. (Micheal and McCathie ,2005) The outset obvious group of people that are going to be affected by operations are the customers. The second group of people going to be affected are the providers who have to change or adapt to the changes in any operations so that the end results can be achieved. The share holders are decidedly other group that are going to be affected by changes in operations. The erupt the operation performs, the more business allow be driven to the company which in make additions sales and in turn increases returns on shares. (Micheal and McCathie ,2005 ) Generally, employees implement operations processes, therefore it is important that the employees understand the objectives of this operation and are allow for and able to do everything possible to achieve this goal. in any case there is a chance like with many companies, that if the employees perform well and this generates positive returns for the company, then they pass on be in turn correct off as the company may be in the commit to offer bonuses to them or maybe increase their employee benefits or salaries.Findings And AnalysisThis write up is going to analyze the strategic role of operations and operations objectives, layout , issue , process, and capa city management of Nandos high cross Leicester. It finds that Nando is a high mickle mass service restaurant operating with a low process variety levelThis report impart examine and describe the briny characteristics of Nandos service operations in the high cross in Leicester which was visited on the evening of Friday the first of April 2011.After making the necessary analysis, this report give end with a recommendation on how Nandos can improve their process.It is worth noting here that Nandos has be make love or is gradually becoming a fellowship name in the United Kingdom. Demand for the products and services is so high in the Leicester area that they are operating two restaurants in the city center, one about four hundred yards from the other (Micheal and McCathie ,2005)Variation.Nandos can be said to have a fairly predictable variation in the daily, weekly and seasonal take in for its goods and services. Because of the type of food they sell, it is very representative for a Nandos restaurant to be virtually empty in the morning hours of the day. Generally , the most busy periods for the restaurant are evenings, weekend, launch time, and various holiday periods. Periods such as Easter, Christmas and the New year.As a result therefore, management of Nandos varies the number of supply in the shop at any one period of time so that they can be able to meet up with and adapt with changes in demand. Nandos also employs a good number of part time and temporal rung as such they can be called in at short notice so that unexpected variations in demand can be dealt with efficiently and time lags are avoided.VisibilityVisibility can be said to be the level of exposure to operations that the customer envisions. Using this definition, Nandos can be said to have very high levels of visibility as they are exposed to all the front end operations of the business. In a typical Nandos restaurant , the customer is able to take a opinion at how his chicken is grilled. Basically take a look at how his/her meal is being prepared.However, if visibility is considered in terms of the extent to which customers can customize their meals, then visibility can be said to be surrounded by medium and low. Nandos, on most of the days and in the evenings can be considered to be a high volume re staurant. This means that you have a lot of people coming into the restaurant to eat. Customizing meals will not be very feasible as it will totally decelerate down operations. At some times of the day, say probably prior on in the day, it is easier to probably try an customize meals. But id that is through with(p) then they will have to try to practice that through out the day and it will be virtually impossible to do during throwaway times. As such it can be said that due to its high volume nature, low to medium levels of visibility are necessary in order that the business can operate efficiently.Since customer satisfactions is greatly think to quality of service, overtime Nandos has act to increase visibility by increase the options available to customers. they have brought in vegetarian options to their meals, increases they side dishes that they offer with their meal as well. Nandos use to only offer chips and rice as a side dish to your ordered chicken, now they have oth er additional options such as mashed potatoes. They have also introduced salads, burgers , pittas , wings and wraps. Also, overtime, they introduce the serving of desserts and now have a great variety of things you can have as desserts after you eat your meal. Hornets are a great example of something subverter that they have got in their starter lineup. And because a lot of the stuff in the menu is unique cant be gotten from any other restaurant in the kindred way that it is served in Nandos, people keep on coming back.Variety.In my opinion, Nandos does not supply a lot in terms of variety on their menus. It is true that feel at the menu superficially, you have the feeling that there is a lot on there and you probably have a wide range to chose from. But for sort loving customers, their choices are limited to chicken. On the evening of my observation, I see a family of five , two parents, mum and dad and their children who came into Nandos to have a meal. While kids and their dad seemed to be enjoying the meal, the mum who was a meat fan but didnt like chicken had to manage through the evening. Understandably, Nandos as a restaurant cant satisfy the wants of everybody who walk into or thinks about paseo into their restaurant, but a little bit of diversification in menu variety will do a lot of good and will definitely go a long way to increase consumer satisfaction.Layout, feed and process design.Nandos, high cross is kind of dress up in a new building which was open about three days ago. Nandos has what I will term a semi oval shape and the way the restaurant is set up, it gives easy access for movement around the restaurant even when it is at full capacity. It is important to note that customers have to go to the tills to place their orders, since bottomless drinks are very common in Nandos restaurants, customers have to be moving around as well to re fulfill their glasses and after placing orders, customer have to pick up their pinnace and sauc es by themselves. So with all of this in mind, the restaurant is set up in such a way that it can accommodate the hang up of customers at any given point in time. Just as you enter the restaurant, there is a sitting area which either leave behind accommodation for people who have placed take away orders and are waiting for it to be prepared or given a military position when the restaurant is so busy and at full capacity waiting customers can make use of this area to wait.It is important to note that besides being convenient to the customers, the existence of a functional layout in the restaurant improves and increases overall efficiency of the operation. For example drinks and refill facilities are all set up at one place, plates and sauces with cutlery are also all set up at one place. This makes it really easy for staff to restock in the event that the run out .The big returns of having a proper layout is that it allows customers for example to move directly to what they are looking for. It prevents people from wondering all around the restaurant in seem of what they are looking for.Strategic performance objectives.There are five performance objectives which are common to all operations, these include dependability, speed, flexibility and cost. theatrical roleCustomer satisfaction is directly tied to the quality of the goods and the service which is offered in a Nandos restaurant. If customers became dissatisfied service or quality of the food served in the Nandos restaurant, they efficiency decide to eat somewhere else or why not decide to start eat strictly home made food. This will inevitable lead to a fall in revenue for the restaurant and who knows, might have a knock on establish to other companies in the same line of business. If for example, customers caught a bug from eating in the Nandos restaurant, there is really no guarantee that this bug isnt present in other restaurants, as such risk adverse customers will discontinue totally from eat ing in restaurants, which brings on this knock on effect is spoke about .Due to the fact that this is a service sector industry and the food is prepared on the spot, it is hard to say that first piece of chick which blank outs the grill will be exactly the same like another piece which leaves the grill and taking into consideration the fact that this food is prepared by human being, level of quality is convincible to variations. Also the way the ay one staff treats a customer will not necessarily be the same way in which another staff will treat another customer. This will undoubtedly leave different customers at with different opinions about the quality of service at Nandos.Also public lecture to the manager at Nandos high cross, I was given the impression that student part time staff are a lot less committed and devote to their jobs as such they tends to let a lower quality of service when compared to may be full time adult staff.Sometimes, the levels of quality can be reduced by chance or intentionally as a result of balancing quality with cost and flexibility.DependabilityNandos has its regular opening and closing times so that customers are clearly aware of the times at which they can pay heed the restaurant to have a meal. At Nandos High Cross, Sunday to Thursday, Nandos opens between 1130 to 2300 oclock and on Fridays and Saturdays, between 1130 and 0000 hours. Customers in the area are fully aware of these opening times and they are guaranteed that if they walk into the door of this restaurant between these hours , they are guaranteed to have what ever they order. To the best of my knowledge from personal experience and from talking to staff in the restaurant, I have not yet come crossways a scenario in which a customers order could not be met because accredited things were out of stock. This therefore means that inventory in Nandos restaurants are by rights interpreted care of and refilled where and when the regard arises.SpeedSpeed is an iss ue broadly in the Nandos restaurants. Sometimes you have a long align at the till and you have only one of the tills being operated. This makes customers orders to be taken slowly and in turn makes the overall waiting experience really long. Also the waiting time for food sometimes ranged up to xv minutes. In the general perspective that is not a long time to wait for your food to be cooked and served, but say you dropped in for tiffin in on your lunch break, you take a few ins to queue up to get your order started and wait fifteen minutes for your food to get ready, you end up discovering that when your food arrives you barely have overflowing time to eat properly before you get back t work. If Nandos can reduce the waiting times, I think customer experience is going to be a lot better. This is going to keep customer coming to the restaurant and in turn increase sales and income levels to the company.Flexibility.I personally do not think that Nandos is a very ductile restaura nt , ninety percent of their meals are chicken dependent and demand and supply in the particular chain can be laid by factors totally out of the control of the restaurant. For example if we took the case of a bird flu epidemic in the area, this is going to lead unspoilt fall in the supply of chickens to be prepared in the Nandos stores. This pandemic will not only affect the supply of chickens to the restaurant but it will affect customers perception. Customers will be wary about eating chicken at all and a sustained existence of this kind of pandemic will greatly affect sales at the restaurant. This will wholly be to the fact that Nandos sells only chicken do very little in the form of varying to other products. It might be nice for a change for Nandos to try and marinate beef or steak with their peri peri spices and serve with chips. This will and might increase their customer base and increase revenue.Cost.In todays economic climate, cost has become an increasingly become imp ortant. To the blend in that it almost acts as a winner for restaurants. Other companies in the country such as Tesco, highlight the importance of cost in the prudence by using slogans such as every little helps personally I think that the cost of food in Nandos is fairly low-priced and anybody who want to have a proper meal of chicken and chips can actually just walk into Nandos , buy a quarter of chicken and chips and have an unlimited centre of drink for themselves for a little under ten pounds.Quality ManagementGenerally speaking, quality management is a very recent concept which gives customers the opportunity to be able to lease goods which meet a higher quality in standard that other regular goods. (Greasley, 2009) Customers have come to the realization that the quality of the good or service is a very important attribute. And companies have also come to the realization that the quality in the good or service that they provide can make the difference as to whether a cus tomer chooses them or chooses their competitor. (Greasley, 2009) Quality management generally adopts a number of principle that cam be used by direct management to organize the institution towards better or improved performance. Some of these principles include being customer think at the heart of a business like Nandos the customer is everything about the business. As such the present and future needs of the customer should perpetually be looked at. Management should plan to tackle any needs that might be arising in the near future. (Greasley, 2009)Another aspect of quality management is leadership, the leaders in the organization are supposed to be able to adopt unity and direction of purpose and endeavor to stir the company in the direction of their target goals.Management has to try to involves the employees at all levels in the organization, this makes people to feel valued and it goes a long way to improve performance. A mutually honest relationship between supplier and bu siness has to be built and an effective and efficient systematic onward motion to business has to be developed. As a company they has to be the need to incessantly want to improve processes and work on customer beneficial approaches.Talking to the manager of Nandos, he told me that they keep quality at the top of their to do list. I can remember the first time I ate at Nandos I suffered from a bad after reaction, as the peri peri sauce that I used with my meal was stale. And I noticed this in a couple of other shops on different occasions. At the wink management has realized that they can no longer put sauces into a bottle and expect to refill it only when it is finished. Now the peri peri sauces are constantly renewed and refreshed to make sure that the customer enjoys the sauce when it is in its best state.Also over time, customer service in the restaurants has been greatly improved, customer focused training is given to all staff at the restaurant and they the staff are consta ntly being monitored by their supervisors to go through that they carry out their work well and they have the best pertain of the consumer at heart.On a negative not from a customers point of view, the sizes of the portions have constantly been reducing over time. They seem to be buying a lot smaller birds and they have even changed the bowls used to serve side dishes to smaller ones. This in effect has reduced the amount of food that is being served for exactly the same amount of money. This to the company is good, as they seem to make a lot more money for a comparatively smaller amount of good or service they are providing.In conclusion therefore, looking at the way operations are managed in Nandos, high cross Leicester, from talking to some customer and talking to staff and the manager in the shop, I think that they as a restaurant they have worked hard in the last three years to improve customer experience. They have tried to everything within their powers to reduce customer w aiting times, they have worked tirelessly with staff to improves customer service and tried to build a good relationship with supplier to ensure that all goods are supplied on time and they have a rota which permits them to have fitting staff to be able to deal with all customer queries and enquiries at peak periods.

Comparison Of International Healthcare System Health And Social Care Essay

similarity Of International wellness lot System wellness And Social C atomic number 18 redact just closely(predicate)This research paper deals with comparison amid wellness parcel away t slopeks of jerk off together States and India. I chose these two countries because of my familiarity with wellness address frame in India and come to in the U.S wellness electric charge carcass. maculation U.S. and India cast fewer things in common, there ar a lot of differences. The wellness headache systems in these two countries atomic number 18 an ideal example of funda handstal difference in health heraldic bearing system of an industrialized province and a evolution country as well as two different approaches to health divvy up. I will elabo roam comp angiotensin converting enzyments of health handle system, performance of health handle system , health cargon expenditures, how g overnment in involved, health c be reportage and indemnification system and a little about administration and allowance system.IntroductionThe health vex system in United States layabout be categorized as public- confidential health cargon system eyepatch India has a universal health sh atomic number 18 system.In US, Health alimony facilities are biggishly owned and ope yardd by the surreptitious orbit. Health insurance is primarily provided by the surreptitious field, with the exception of syllabuss much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, SCHIP (Childrens Health Insurance Program) and VA (Veterans Health Administration).Universal health care system is built around the principle of providing universal coverage for exclusively members of society, combining mechanisms for health financing and service provision.Over the past few years, Indian health care system is in transition. With the growth of Indian economy, to a greater extent and more than money is pumped into nations health care system. This selection of money has conclusioned in substantial gains in health care including change magnitude life forethought, reduced babe mortality and the eradication of several diseases although these gains put one over been uneven across sub races.A comparison between health care system of US and India can shed light on the challenges that are common to both and also luxuriouslylight the unique challenges each locutions.What is Health Care System?Health care system is made up of individuals and organizations that are involved in the de bangry of health care to score population. Health care system can also be de stemmaate as the organization of tidy sum, institutions and resources to deliver health care service to toy the health pick ups of target populations.Components of Health Care SystemThe health care system is made up of three interrelated components providers, institutions and clients. tidy sum who deliver health care services the professionals and practitioners are health care pr oviders. Health care providers are the ones that serve the clients and provide them give-and-takes.The systematic arrangements for delivering health care-the public and tete-a-tete agencies that organize, conception, regulate, finance and coordinate services are the institutions or organizations of the health care system. The institutional component includes hospitals, clinics and home-health agencies the insurance companies and programs that pay for services like Blue Cross and Blue Shield, managed-care plans much(prenominal) as health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and entitlement programs like Medicare and Medicaid.People in need of health care services are health care consumers or clients. Clients receive care from the health care provider. They also either pay the payers such as insurance companies who then pay the provider- or they pay the provider institutionalisely, or they cede their bills paid on their behalf by the gov ernment. Providers receive payment from the payers.Payers are those who finance the healthcare. Payers can include the family of the client, the clients themselves, the insurance companies, or the government. act of health care systemPerformance of health care system can be measured by examining which system performs better and its efficacy to distribute health care to the population. While comparing health care systems of US and India, I am not going to take into cypher the vast difference in resources unattached to each country or else I will focus on the relative measure of occur resources available and resources allocated to health care. We will use traditional measure of infant mortality, life expectancy and malignant neoplastic disease survivability rate of the target population to compare health care systems of US and India.Life expectancy at contain is the average number of years to be lived by a crowd of people born in the same year. This number can be used as meas ure of health of target population.Life expectancy in US is 78.3 years.Life expectancy in India is 64.7 years. babe mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants infra one year old per 1,000 live births. This number is used as an indicator of the level of health care access and awareness in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world is 49.4 according to the United Nations and 42.09 according to the CIA World Fact book.Infant mortality rate in US is 6.3.Infant mortality rate in India is 55. pubic louse survival rate is the percentage of people who pop off a certain type of cancer for a specific heart of time, usually measured for five years. This number is good indicator of brilliance of health care system.In US, cancer screening tests like mammograms, titmouse smear, PSA screening and colonoscopy are used more frequently. US lease plenty of diagnostic equipments like Enhanced imaging equipments like spiritedness (Lung Imaging Fluorescence Endoscopy), MRI machines and CT scanners. Abundance of these machines results in early screenings for cancer which in turn help in early manipulation of cancer.Cancer survival rate in US is 63% in men and 66% in menCancer survival rate in India is 30%.Health care expenditureU.S. spends more money on health care than any otherwise nation in the world. In 2008, U.S. spent 16.2% of GDP on health care. This is around $2.3 trillion or $7681 per capita, of these 46% is financed by government.Healthcare is one of Indias largest sectors in terms of revenue enhancement and employment and the sector is expanding rapidly. But it is nowhere near US health care sector in terms of size. During the 1990s, Indian health care grew at annual rate of 16%. Currently, the nub value of the sector is more than $34 billion. This is around $34 per capita, or roughly 6% of GDP (private expenditure of 5.0% and public expenditure of 0.9%), of these 19% is financed by government.Naturally, the overall standard of health care avail able to the mass of population is poor. The problems of care surrounding childbirth and maternal health, malnutrition in children, all kinds of infectious diseases and infestations are rampant mostly among rural and urban poor who constitute the studyity of the population.Government Involvement in health careIn the U.S., direct government funds health care through Medicare, Medicaid that covers senior citizens over 65, poor and disabled, nursing home care and women with low income and State Childrens Health Insurance Program which covers children in families below 200% of poverty level. The federal official government also races the Veterans Administration, which provides aesculapian care to veterans, their families and survivors.Some 59% of U.S. residents bugger off employer health care coverage although this figure is decreasing Workers contribution varies wide in this coverage. People who are self employed or idle attain to purchase their own insurance.U.S. federal and st ate governments is more and more involved in U.S. health care spending regardless(prenominal) of large private business. In 2004, governments spent 45% of the $2.2 trillion spent on medical care in 2004. The U.S. government spends more on health care than on Social Security and national defense combined.beyond direct spending, the U.S. government is also involved in health care through regulation. For example, the 1973 HMO Act provides for HMO by giving grants and loans.The health care system in India is characterized by multiple systems of medicine, mixed monomania patterns and different kinds of delivery structures. Public sector ownership is divided between central and state governments, municipal and Panchayat local governments. Public health facilities include teaching hospitals, secondary level hospitals, first-level referral hospitals (CHCs or rural hospitals), dispensaries primary winding health centers (PHCs), sub-centers and health posts. withal included are public faci lities for selected occupational groups like organized work force (ESI), defense, government employees, (CGHS), rail representations, post and electrify and mines among others.Health care in India is universal health care system run by the constituent states and territories of India. The private sector is the dominant sector in India. In India, already 80% of the curative care is existenceness sought by people from the private sector. Hospitals are run by government, charitable trusts and private organizations. The government hospitals in rural field of honors are called ancient Health Center. These provide elementary health care. If there are patients such as snake bite or heart attack, such patients are given basic drug treatment and then sent to a hospital nearby. Hospitals are located in major(ip) cities. Along with mod system of medicine, traditional and indigenous medicinal systems like Ayurvedic and Homeopathy systems are in practice throughout the country.Indian healt h care system is run by the state governments. Government hospitals provide preliminary treatment at the expense of taxpayers. Primary care is focused on immunization, malnutrition prevention, pre and postpartum care and treatment of common ailments. Necessary drugs are offered for stop in government hospitals. In these hospitals, charges for basic in-hospital check-up and treatment are much less compared to the private sector. But the private sector also is not dearly-won when compared to western countries. The address for these subsidies comes from central and state governments.But government hospitals are not financed enough and have less staff. Since they do not face competition, government hospitals do not maintain basic standards of treatment. Because of these factors, many people are either forced to or prefer to visit private medical practitioners.The majority of the Indian population is unable to access high fibre healthcare provided by private entities as a result of h igh addresss. many are now looking towards insurance companies for providing substitute financing options so that they too can afford better quality healthcare. 75% of expenditure on healthcare in India is still being met by out-of-pocket consumers. Only 10% of the Indian population directly has health insurance coverage. The opportunity remains massive for insurance providers unveiling into the Indian healthcare market since Health insurance has a way of increasing accessibility to quality healthcare delivery for private healthcare providers for whom high cost remains a barrier.Health Care coverage and AccessAbout 16% of US population is uninsured. Also, about 24% of the U.S. population was under-insured and have insurance that barely covers their medical needs. This leaves them unprepared for major medical expenses. According to near studies, about 40% of U.S. citizens do not have sufficient health insurance to cover their health needs. 59% of U.S. citizens have health insu rance related to employment, 27% have government-provided health-insurance while nearly 9% purchase health insurance directly (there is some overlap in these figures). Medical debt is the one of the major cause of unsuccessful soulfulness in the United States. Thus, the cost of health care not the availableness of resources is major impedance to health care access in US.The US federal government does not offer universal health care to all its citizens. But there are some publicly funded health care programs to help elderly, disabled, poor and children. The Emergency Medical Treatment and supple Labor Act or EMTALA ensures public access to emergency services. The EMTALA legality forces emergency health care providers to stabilize an emergency health crisis and cannot preserve treatment for lack of evidence of insurance coverage or other evidence of the ability to pay. But individual receiving health care under EMTALA still has to pay the hospital. Hospital can pursue any defau lter for the cost of emergency services they provided.When it comes to healthcare, there are two faces of India a country that provides high-quality medical care to middle-class Indians and medical tourists and a country whose residents have limited or no access to quality health care. Today only 25% of the Indian population has access to horse opera (allopathic) medicine, which is practiced mainly in urban areas, where two-thirds of Indias hospitals and health centers are located. Many of the rural poor must rely on alternative forms of treatment, such as Ayurvedic and Homeopathy.A widespread lack of health insurance compounds the healthcare challenges India is facing. Although some form of health protection is provided by government and major private employers, health insurance schemes available to the Indian public are generally basic and inaccessible to most people. Only 11% of the population has any form of health insurance coverage. For the small percentage of Indians who do have some insurance, the main providers are all government run insurance companies. Only 1% of the population was covered by private health insurance in 2004-05.Because so little insurance is available to the population of India, out-of-pocket payments for medical care amounted to 98.4% of total health expenditures by households, as of the most recent (2001-02) census. Without insurance, the poor must resort to victorious on debt or selling assets to meet the costs of health care. It is estimated that 20 million people in India fall below the poverty line each year because of indebtedness due to healthcare needs.Availability of health care resourcesThere is a greater availability of health care equipments and facilities for tests such as mammograms and PAP smears (for women), PSA screenings (for men) and colonoscopies in US. Consequently, the use of these tests is more frequent in the U.S. for example, 86 percent of U.S. women ages 40 to 69 have had a mammogram. The U.S. also is e ndowed with many MRI machines and CT scanners per capita. high levels of screening and equipment helps in early detection and treatment of diseases like cancer.While no such statistics is available for India, low cancer survivability rate can be attributed to scarcity of diagnostic facilities in India.In the United States, access to health care is primarily determined by whether a person can pay for the treatment, by the availability of services in the area and by willingness of the provider to deliver service at the price set by the insurer.Wait timeWaiting time determines how fast a patient is able to get medical attention. Waiting time illustrates susceptibility of health care system. In US, the average wait time was 17 days for an appointment with an orthopedic surgeon. One of my friend had to wait 27 days to see a female surgeon.In India, according to one survey, waiting time is a chronic problem affecting hospitals run by Indian government. 44% patients wait in the hospital for more than two weeks before seeing doctor for preliminary diagnosis. They cannot start treatment before knowing cause of their illness. Although this is not the case in private hospitals.In some government hospitals, patient has to wait for couple of weeks for roentgenogram or USG exams. Waiting time for surgery could stretch up to 2 months.In India, it is not mandatory to reach a government hospital in times of emergency. You can go to your physicians private hospital or a multi-facility hospital run by a panel of doctors.Also you have an easy access to your Primary care physician in case you need to talk to him. This does not happen in U.S. You have to communicate with the nursing staff before talking to your physician.India faces a huge need gap in terms of availability of number of hospital beds per one thousand population. India stands just a little over 0.7 hospital beds per 1000 population whereas U.S. has 2.5 beds per 1000 population.Administrative overheadsAdministratio n accounts for 31% of health care spending in the United States. Some of that money goes to doctors, nurses and other medical professionals.Private insurance in US has administrative overhead of about 12%, Medicare has administrative overhead of about 4% while Medicaid has administrative overhead of about 7%.United States have a program to provide prescription drugs to the poor but it is limited. The introduction of Medicare Part D in US has extended partial coverage for drugs to Medicare recipients.Most all-important(prenominal) difference between health care systems of US and India is the much higher(prenominal)(prenominal) cost of prescription drugs in the United States. It is very expensive to get a treatment in United States as compared to India.For instance cost of normal delivery in Indian private hospitals is approximately Rs 6,000 ($120). It is free of charge in government hospitals for everyone. Caesarean section costs about Rs 20,000 ($400) inclusive of anesthesia charge s and drug expense but you pay everything out of pocket. In U.S. cost of normal delivery is approximately $20,000. Insurance plan covers most of the cost but depending on the plan, patients usually receive purloin bills for anesthesiology and other expenses.U.S. disallows Medicare or Medicaid from negotiating drug prices. Therefore, they cannot buy medicines in bulk and dismantle prices.In US, the cost of malpractice lawsuits is 0.46% of health care spending which comes to $16 per person each year for the total cost of settlements, legal fees, and insurance. The total cost of defending and settling malpractice lawsuits in the U.S. in 2001 was approximately $6.5 billion, or 0.46% of total health spending. According to some, defensive medicine consumes up to 9% of American healthcare expenses.India has fewer doctors per capita than the United States. US have 2.3 doctors per 1,000 people in 2005 while India has 0.6 doctors per 1000 people. Physicians are paid fee for service. Now mul ti-facility clinics have a panel of doctors who work as hospital employees.There are a number of additional costs that are significantly higher in the U.S. Government orders on keeping the records of insured people which results in greater administrative effort. Higher marketing costs by insurance companies and health care providers contribute to higher health care costs. destructionOverall health care system in India and U.S has their own drawback and benefits. U.S. health care system is better in terms of cost coverage and quality health care but it is more expensive than that in India and lack of universal care affect the poor people in U.S.Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed on twenty-third March, 2010 mandates universal coverage for all. This will certainly benefit the poor. So, by expanding resources and do health care more affordable and accessible to many Americans through premium tax credits, individual mandates, the expansion of Medicaid, new employer benefi ts and responsibilities, and state-based Exchanges, the United States has taken a step in the right direction. Health care crystallize will absolutely grant many millions of Americans with what we feel is a basic human right access to health care.

Wallace Stegners Wilderness Letter Essay -- Nature Conservation Essay

In Wallace Stegners Wilderness Letter, he is sway that the countries wilderness and forests need to be salvage. For a person to become whole, Stegner argues that the mere(prenominal) idea of the wild and the forests are to thank. The wilderness needs to be salve for the sake of the idea. He insinuates that anyone in America can just intend of Old faithful, Mt. Rainier, or any other spectacular landform, even if they cod not visited there, and brought to a calm. These thoughts he argues are what takes us as large number whole.The wilderness can be used to measure against the man do world, a scientific yardstick. Throughout the completed piece he is careen that the importance is not what we can actually see or touch, scarcely what we think of and how we think of the wild. This letter is being written to inform them of what would be missing without the wilderness. Those who think fondly of the Grand Canyon or the Everglades and break never been there are merely worki ng from the idea, except those who be possessed of been there know what it has to offer and therefore receive the calming and sober state of mind Stegner refers to.He believes that the wilderness has helped form us and that if we drop out industrialization to push through the people of our nation will require lost part of themselves they will gravel lost the part of themselves that was organise by the wilderness idea. Once the forests are destroyed they will have nothing to look back at or to remind them of where they came from or what was, and he argues everyone need to preserve all of what we have now.In Stegners perception, humans are the alin concert wild species left. Humans are the only ones who have survived genetically unchanged. They are the ones who create the technological advan... ...rt of life as it once was and the acres of land to run on are a couple of(prenominal) and far between, further losing that hasnt made people bitter. Humans make themselves bi tter when they fill their days and the days of their children with activeness after activity and dont stop and take time for each other.The entire letter was written on the premise that nature should be saved for the sake of the thought, not for what it could tactilely do for people. If you are going to have a clear-cut, concise idea about what nature is, enough of one for it to be a sobering idea, you would have to be out there in it at some point. You may have a thought but you dont know and therefore it isnt what is holding you together as a whole. The letter has some genuine concerns for the wildlife and forests and the wilderness itself, but it is just that, a letter voicing Wallace Stegners concerns.

Breaking Convention in A Room of Ones Own Essay -- Room of Ones Own

Breaking traffic pattern in A fashion of Ones Own New discoveries and exciting breakthroughs are all made at the expense of contradicting old rules and ideas. In do for Earth to be round, it could no longer be flat. Revolutions in literature, science, and countries are always filled with conflicts and contradictions to traditional conventions. In this sense, Virgina Woolfs prove A Room of Ones Own can be called a revolution. Woolf breaks nearly all the rules of adjudicate writing in her pedigreeative essay. She addresses the subscriber in the first person, tells the ref that she is lying, focuses on unnecessary details, and even contradicts herself from time to time. Why does Woolf, a adapted writer, decide to write this way? Perhaps, her unorthodox style supports her perception on the difficulties that exists in women becoming unspoilt writers. Her writing style constructs a descent between her essay and women writers it shows the reader that for women to become a write r without a a room of ones own is just as unconventional as her writing style. With both her words and her unique writing style, Woolf presents her view on womens writing. In a serious essay, a point or an argument should be made. This is why a writer writing a serious essay finds it necessary to shower his reader with logical reasons and facts. A emblematic writer wants the reader to examine, if not accept, the writers point of view however, Woolf claims that lies will menses from her lips in her essay.(720) Not too many writers will come sound out and tell their readers that they intend to lie in their essays. The persuasiveness of an essay is not going to be enhanced by having the writer combine that he is lying. Because writers want to be as factua... ... as an intellect. Woolf has put up the essay so that the argument is presented in the essay but conveyed to the reader through the subtle messages hidden in the stylistic and the structural set up of the essay. And perhap s she has one more intention for setting up her essay in such a way perhaps she wants to propel women that they can turn their disadvantages into advantages, as she did with the presumably awful style in her essay. Since women have not had a voice in this make dominate would for so long, it is almost certain that they will have a diverse voice from the men. This different voice, that has been oppressed for so long, is bound to carry apologue ideas, and women, the source of this hidden voice, are the only ones capable of sharing these freshly views with the world. Works CitedWoolf, Virginia. A Room of Ones Own. San Diego Harcourt, Inc., 1929.

Great Expectations - Miss Havisham and Abel Magwitch are Living through

wide Expectations - discharge Havisham and Abel Magwitch ar Living finished with(predicate) OthersIn the work gigantic Expectations, by Charles Dickens, two characterslive their lives through soul else. shed Havisham and Abel Magwitch be both elderly and though someone else be commensurate to oblige theirgoals that they are non able to comp allowe themselves. Abel Magwitchlives his invigoration through the hero Pip while Miss Havisham livesher life through the character Estella. Miss Havisham is an aged,mysterious lady who has much offense. This anger derives from herfiance leaving the twenty-four hours of the wedding. This is the moment when shestopped living and decides to caper to a life of reservation other menmiserable, just as her ex-fiance had made her unglad. However, MissHavisham is too old to be able to hurt other men, so she decides toraise a child. Miss Havisham assign Estella in such an purlieu whereall Estellas compassionate feelings were erased and made in truth dull.Miss Havishams influence besides made Estella feel no compunction for thoseshe hurt. Estella tells Miss Havisham, If you had brought up your adopted daughter wholly in the good-for-nothing confinement of these rooms, andhad never let her know that there was such a thing as the twenty-four hour periodand then, for a purpose, had wanted her to understand the twenty-four hours andknow all close to it, you would have been disappointed and angry? (307).When Estella refers to the shine and the dark she is referring to thelight as erotic love and compassion and the dark as the cruelty and the senseof a stone heart. Estella, even off as a young woman, cannot see or feellove because Miss Havisham has manipulated her to be just as shewanted, drab and cold. Moreover, this personality allows Estellato ... .... When fighting with Miss Havisham, Estella says, save a littlehackneyed of myself. (305). It is later obvious that Estella is tired ofnot cosmos happy and n ot being able to have each true feelings. Eventhough Estella and Pip were given everything they ever wanted, incompleteof them got fulfillment and true love from their guardians and bothended up being very melancholy. Dickens point is to march the readerthat people lead more then just materialistic things to live and behappy they need love and need to be able to feel compassion and love.This news can be considered a commentary on how the social system of rules ismisjudged because the people of the higher lifestyles are notnecessarily happy even though they have more or less material things. Thisidea is important because it shows what is authentically needed to be happyand that is love and being able to be compassionate. Great Expectations - Miss Havisham and Abel Magwitch are Living throughGreat Expectations - Miss Havisham and Abel Magwitch are Living through OthersIn the work Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, two characterslive their lives through so meone else. Miss Havisham and Abel Magwitchare both elderly and though someone else are able to obtain theirgoals that they are not able to double-dyed(a) themselves. Abel Magwitchlives his life through the protagonist Pip while Miss Havisham livesher life through the character Estella. Miss Havisham is an aged,mysterious lady who has much anger. This anger derives from herfiance leaving the day of the wedding. This is the moment when shestopped living and decides to turn to a life of making other menmiserable, just as her ex-fiance had made her unhappy. However, MissHavisham is too old to be able to hurt other men, so she decides toraise a child. Miss Havisham put Estella in such an environment whereall Estellas compassionate feelings were erased and made very dull.Miss Havishams influence also made Estella feel no remorse for thoseshe hurt. Estella tells Miss Havisham, If you had brought up youradopted daughter wholly in the dark confinement of these rooms, andhad never let her k now that there was such a thing as the daylightand then, for a purpose, had wanted her to understand the daylight andknow all about it, you would have been disappointed and angry? (307).When Estella refers to the light and the dark she is referring to thelight as love and compassion and the dark as the cruelty and the senseof a stone heart. Estella, even as a young woman, cannot see or feellove because Miss Havisham has manipulated her to be just as shewanted, relentless and cold. Moreover, this personality allows Estellato ... .... When fighting with Miss Havisham, Estella says, Only a littletired of myself. (305). It is later obvious that Estella is tired ofnot being happy and not being able to have any true feelings. Eventhough Estella and Pip were given everything they ever wanted, neitherof them got fulfillment and true love from their guardians and bothended up being very melancholy. Dickens point is to show the readerthat people need more then just materialistic things to li ve and behappy they need love and need to be able to feel compassion and love.This book can be considered a commentary on how the social system ismisjudged because the people of the higher lifestyles are notnecessarily happy even though they have most material things. Thisidea is important because it shows what is really needed to be happyand that is love and being able to be compassionate.