Axis II Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder and Post Traumatic Research Proposal

Axis II Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Research Proposal recitation3). The American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) classifies PTSD as one of the anxiety disorders, typically caused by either or several of the three types of traumatic events Intentional human causes, Unintentional human causes, or Acts of Nature. The presence of the stressor as part of the diagnosis differentiates PTSD from other disorders and makes it a uniquely complex phenomenon. (page number)persistent (more than one month) re-experiencing of the trauma (this category of symptoms is titled intrusive memories in Johnson, 2004), persistent (more than one month) avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli and suppression of frequent responsiveness (avoidance behavior according to Johnson, 2004), persistent (more than one month) symptoms of hyperarousal (or, according to Johnson, 2004, hyper-vi gilance), and disruption of psychological and functional equilibrium.Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is defined as a highly prevalent, chronic, and debilitating psychiatric problem associated with the following symptoms a pattern of chaotic and self-defeating interpersonal relationships, emotional labiality, poor impulse control, waste outbursts, frequent suicidality, and self-mutilation (Levy, 2005, p. 259).Kernberg (2004), who considered the organization of the personality to be crucially determined by affective responses as displayed under conditions of peak affect states, adds to this definition identity airing and the predominance of primitive defensive operations centering on splitting among the key symptoms of this psychological dysfunction noting that they are accompanied by the presence of just reality testing (p. 99). The researcher meant that although the patient imagined himself living in the paranoid and